Thus, each of these three parameters in the linear equation has an explicit physical meaning. The simple derivation summarized in this section clearly shows that three parameters, c1 d. Csl integrity testing is performed by transmitting and. Crosshole sonic logging and lowstrain impact echo integrity testing were both speci. Depending on layer thicknesses, distances between holes, and velocity contrasts, the firstarrival energy is quite often refracted rather that direct. Crosshole sonic logging csl is the most accurate and reliable technique for assessing the integrity of deep foundation elements constructed onsite from concrete or grout. Crosshole sonic logging of south carolina drilled shafts. Assurance qa testing of drilled shaft foundations immediately following construction.
Still small enough to be portable, the champxv features a larger color. Terminology and evaluation criteria of crosshole sonic. In the case that no defects are found using csl, crosshole tomography ct is rarely performed. Astm d6760 16 standard test method for integrity testing. One of the most common mistakes made by inexperienced practitioners of conventional crosshole seismic is mistaking refracted energy for direct energy. Pdf crosshole sonic logging and frequency tomography analysis. Comparing crosshole sonic logging and lowstrain integrity testing. The tabletlike champxv continues the tradition of light but rugged crosshole analyzers. Standard test methods for downhole seismic testing1. A piezoelectric transducer is used to generate a signal that propagates as a sound compression wave within the concrete, while another transducer is used to detect the signal. The intent of csl testing is to identify irregularities such as soil intrusion, necking, soft bottom, segregation, voids and other. This manual may not be sold, reproduced, or used with any other product other than the olson instruments crosshole sonic logging system unless approved by.
The data are used to confirm adequate concrete quality or identify zones of poor quality. Crosshole sonic logging crosshole sonic logging is an established quality assurance method for drilled shafts. Crosshole sonic logging csl is a test used to establish concrete integrity. With the csl test, defect height, depth location, and approximate lateral location can be determined. Crosshole sonic logging last updated november 28, 2019. The crosshole sonic logging system is available in one model which can be run from the freedom data pc platform. Barrette, bored pile, crosshole sonic logging, crosshole testing, drilled astj, integrity test, single hole ultrasonic testing, ultrasonic logging, ultrasonic testing. Crosshole sonic logging testing of drilled shafts effective.
The use of crosshole tomography to evaluate drilled shaft. This method provides little indication of concrete soundness outside the cage. Khamis haramy, fhwa denver 2008 slide courtesy of pdi. Comparing crosshole sonic logging and lowstrain integrity testing results white, b. Ultrasonic signals are sent and received across the drilled shaft from instrumentation lowered and raised in access tubes. Detection of anomalies in diaphragm walls with crosshole. Examination of a new crosshole sonic logging system for. Pdf the crosshole sonic logging measurement to measure the quality of bored piles is presented in this paper. Crosshole sonic logging astm 6760 02 usama khalid 2011msceg24 ziaurrehman 2011msceg18 contents o introduction o crosshole sonic logging o tube installation o wave requirments o tube specifications o limitations o case study o references. When the system is purchased, olson instruments personnel will install the required software.
Crosshole sonic logging and frequency tomography analysis of drilled shaft foundations to better evaluate anomalies locations article pdf available april 2014 with 1,153 reads how we measure. Crosshole sonic logging csl test tubes are usually attached to the reinforcement cage along the full length of the shaft. Crosshole sonic logging tomography of drilled shafts olson. Assessing drilled shaft integrity with crosshole sonic logging. Pdf crosshole sonic logging csl has over recent years become the standard method for evaluating the integrity of bridge drilled shafts. Pdf crosshole sonic logging and frequency tomography. Owing to the high cost of this test, the cone penetration test method is generally used. The csl test involves lowering ultrasonic probes through access tubes along the length of the foundation element and as the probes are pulled to the. If snells law of refraction is not considered in the analysis of crosshole seismic testing data, the report shall so state, and the pwave and swave velocities obtained may be unreliable for certain depth intervals near.
Standard test methods for crosshole seismic testing. The csl method is considered to be more accurate than sonic echo testing in the determination of structural soundness of concrete within the drilled shaft inside of the. Barrette, bored pile, crosshole sonic logging, crosshole testing, drilled shaft, integrity test, single hole ultrasonic testing, ultrasonic logging, ultrasonic testing. Pdf on jan 1, 2010, ernst niederleithinger and others published crosshole sonic logging of secant pile walls a feasibilty study find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. This work shall consist of furnishing and installing materials and equipment necessary to install access ducts in all drilled shafts of structures identified on the plans, and to perform crosshole sonic logging csl testing of. A transmitting and a receiving ultrasonic probes 40 80 khz are lowered into parallel access tubes, which have to be fixed to the reinforcement cage before casting the concrete figure 4. The crosshole sonic logging method is normally applied as a quality assurance qa technique for newly placed drilled shafts and auger cast piles, but can also be applied to slurry walls, mat foundations, and. Pdf the crosshole sonic logging csl measurement system to.
Csl tubes are to be threaded with watertight caps and couplers and meet the specifications of astm a53. Crosshole sonic logging csl and 3d tomography what is crosshole sonic logging csl csl integrity testing is performed by transmitting and receiving an ultrasonic signal between two parallel access tubes cast into a deep foundation element. Nondestructive measurements using mechanical waves in. These tubes are usually attached to the reinforcement cage along the full length of the shafts. Crosshole sonic logging tomography cslt method is a velocity imaging method used for detecting anomaly zones jalinoos, et al. Crosshole sonic logging and tomographic velocity imaging of a new drilled shaft bridge foundation. Variations in the concrete in deep foundation piles and. Crosshole sonicultrasonic logging csl system for pile and deep foundation testing using astm d complete control from panasonic rugged tablet with dedicated android application. Csl is an acoustic, nondestructive method that verifies the quality of drilled shafts. The method does not give the exact type of defect for example, inclusion, honeycombing, lack of cement particles, etc. The csl method involves transmitting ultrasonic waves through concrete and other materials, including slurry, rock, grout, watersaturated media, or cemented.
This video is considered as an educational video used for nonprofitable purpose for all petroleum and nonpetroleum students in bue the british university. The crosshole sonic logging system can only be purchased with the olson freedom data pc fdpc, as the pulser and amplifier modules are custom designed for this computer. If defects are detected, then further investigations should be made by excavation or. Integrity testing of concrete piles by ultrasonic crosshole logging. Drilled shafts are prepared for i ntegrity testing by csl during their construction by installation of at least three tubes with a minimum inside diameter of 38mm 1. It may be used for crosshole sonic logging csl of drilled shafts or single hole sonic logging ssl of smaller augered castinplace piles. An example is shown in figure 3 where the soft bottom is characterized by slower velocities and low energy. Most commonly the csl tubes are required to be produced in a 1. By sending ultrasonic pulses through concrete from one probe to another probes located in parallel tubes. This standard is issued under the fixed designation d. Sonic logging ssl crosshole tomography ct needs pvc access tubes. By sending ultrasonic pulses through concrete from one probe to another probes located in parallel tubes, the csl procedure inspects the drilled shaft structural integrity of the concrete between the tubes, and extent and location of defects, if any.
Crosshole sonic logging csl is a common testing methods for determining the integrity of in place constructed deep foundation elements, such as drilled. Crosshole sonic logging csl provides a nondestructive method for quality. Crosshole sonic logging csl is the quickest of the two acoustic test methods and provides an initial assessment of the integrity of the foundation. Crosshole sonic logging wikimili, the free encyclopedia. Ultrasonic shearwave tomography can be successfully used to determine the major distressed areas in pavements. This work shall be measured as the number of drilled shafts on which crosshole sonic logging csl testing is performed and found to be void free in accordance with the special provision. These access tubes are attached to steel reinforcement prior to concrete placement. Crosshole sonic logging data examples a soft bottom defectoccurs when the base of the concrete shaft is not poured properly allowing for intrusions of soil andor water. Introduction o deep foundations integrity testing mostly applies.
Crosshole sonic logging csl is a method to verify the structural integrity of drilled shafts and other concrete piles the csl method is considered to be more accurate than sonic echo testing in the determination of structural soundness of concrete within the drilled shaft inside of the rebar cage. Integrity issues for castinplace piles have resulted in a. Nondestructive testing of drilled shaft foundations via crosshole sonic logging csl is often performed as part of the quality assurance process to assess the soundness of concrete. Crosshole sonic logging csl papworths construction testing. D 4428d 4428m test methods for crosshole seismictesting d 5778 test method for electronic friction cone and piezocone penetration testing of soils d 6026 practice for using signi. Includes two hydrophones for testing one tube pair per log pull. A non destructive evaluation technique measures the transit time of a sonic pulse across a known distance reduction of the predicted velocity may indicate segregated concrete, voids or intrusions. A ten year summary presentation to adsc expo 2012, san antonio march 2012. However, crosshole geophysical testing may show that the ground has been suitably improved in some cases where cone penetration tests are unable to demonstrate an equivalent level of improvement. Sample specification for crosshole sonic logging csl.
Crosshole sonic logging csl is a method to verify the structural integrity of drilled shafts and other concrete piles contents. Csl integrity testing allows an evaluation of concrete integrity and homogeneity within the shaft. Crosshole sonic logging csl is widely used for integrity testing of large diameter bored piles likins et al. Crosshole sonic logging 1 csl1 the csl1 model is the base model and is most frequently used for quality assurance of newly placed drilled shafts. The measurement is primarily based upon the physical phenomenon that the density and stiffness of the medium determine the velocity of an acoustic wave in a medium. Crosshole sonic logging and tomographic velocity imaging.
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